Most WordPress Themes users are familiar with tags and categories and with how to use them to organize their blog posts. If you use custom post types in WordPress Themes, you might need to organize them like categories and tags. Categories and tags are examples of taxonomies, and WordPress allows you to create as many custom taxonomies as you want. These custom taxonomies operate like categories or tags, but are separate.
In this tutorial, we’ll explain custom taxonomies and how to create them. We’ll also go over which template files in a WordPress themes control the archives of built-in and custom taxonomies, and some advanced techniques for customizing the behavior of taxonomy archives.
Terminology
Before continuing, let’s get our terminology straight. A taxonomy is a WordPress Themescontent type, used primarily to organize content of any other content type. The two taxonomies everyone is familiar with are built in: categories and tags. We tend to call an individual posting of a tag a “tag,” but to be precise, we should refer to it as a “term” in the “tag” taxonomy. We pretty much always refer to items in a custom taxonomy as “terms.”
Categories and tags represent the two types of taxonomies: hierarchical and non-hierarchical. Like categories, hierarchical taxonomies can have parent-child relationships between terms in the taxonomy. For example, you might have on your blog a “films” category that has several child categories, with names like “foreign” and “domestic.” Custom taxonomies may also be hierarchical, like categories, or non-hierarchical, like tags.
How Tag, Category and Custom Taxonomy Archives Work
For every category, tag and custom taxonomy, WordPress Themes automatically generates an archive that lists each post associated with that taxonomy, in reverse chronological order. The system works really well if you organize your blog posts with categories and tags. If you have a complex system of organizing custom post types with custom taxonomies, then it might not be ideal. We’ll go over the many ways to modify these archives.
The first step to customizing is to know which files in your theme are used to display the archive. Different WordPress Themes have different template files, but all WordPress Themes have an index.phptemplate. The index.php template is used to display all content, unless a template exists higher up in the hierarchy. WordPress’ template hierarchy is the system that dictates which template file is used to display which content. We’ll briefly go over the template hierarchy for categories, tags and custom taxonomies. If you’d like to learn more, these resources are highly recommended .
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WordPress Themes has released the first release candidate (RC) for the upcoming 4.0 version. According to the official version numbering, WordPress 4.0 is no more or less significant than 3.9 was or 4.1 will be. That being said, a new major release is always a cause for excitement! Let’s take a look at the new features the team at WordPress has been working on for us. wordpress themes
Installation Language
Since I’ve always used wordpress themes in English, it took me a while to realize how important internationalization is. 29% of all WordPress.com installations use a non-English language which is huge and not that far from more than a quarter of all installations. Version 4.0 makes it much easier to get WordPress to speak your language. In fact, the first installation screen asks you to choose your native tongue. Nice!
This is a big step up from either having to download in your own language, or grabbing language files manually and modifying the config.
Embed Previews For URLs
Embedding content into posts has also become a much nicer process. One of my irks with the visual editor used to be that it wasn’t visual enough. Not that long ago, you just got a grey box in place of a gallery or other media/embed items. The “Smith” release took care of galleries and 4.0 is taking care of a host of other items. If you paste a YouTube URL in text mode, it will render as a video in visual mode. How handy is that?
I find this a lot more pleasing to work with — I see exactly what I’m going to get. The media modal’s insert from the URL feature is getting the same upgrade. As soon as you’ve entered a URL, the video will load — playable and all! The good news is that it works with all the services you’d expect, from Vimeo to Twitter, Hulu and Flickr. Scott Taylor (who is a core contributor working on this) has kindly gathered some test URLs. I recommend checking outTrac ticket to find out more in this regard.
Media Section Grid
The media section now has a grid view by default. This isn’t a groundbreaking coding feat by any measure, but it does introduce a sleeker UI which is perhaps a glimpse of what is coming up in the future.
While this is a minor change, it does give you a way better overview of your media files than the default view of 20 images in a list.
Plugin Discovery And Installation
In my opinion, the plugin “Add New” page got a much needed makeover. The top navigation looks a lot like the new navigation in the media section — another indication of a slightly more modern interface creeping into the system. Plugins in the list view are displayed in a much more visual fashion, and it looks like it’s time for developers to start making thumbnails! While the plugin details screen could use a makeover as well, I’m sure this is a work in progress and will be explored further.
Better Post Editing
One feature I’m particularly happy with is how the editor height has been changed to use screen real estate better. Mark Jaquith painted a great picture of the problem:
“The post editor feels like it has been relegated to a box of medium importance on the edit/compose screen.”
UI Improvements For Widget Customization
It’s great that widgets have been included in the wordpress themes customizer. Usually, if you had more than five to six widgets, things became a bit too crowded. Fortunately, the new WP version has now put all widgets into a sub-section of the customization screen. This essentially minimizes them when not needed — a welcome UI improvement for sure!
Join The Fun
As always, the latest development versions can be tried out pretty easily. By installing theWordPress Beta Tester plugin you can update to the latest beta builds or nightlies and play around with the brand new features.
If you happen to find any bugs, you can add them to the WordPress Trac and you can even fix them and contribute to the core! wordpress themes is a community project, and every little bit helps!
from : http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2014/08/27/a-tour-of-wordpress-4-0/
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WordPress Themes can be more faster than you think let’s see how !!?
A few months ago, I ran an experiment to see how much faster I could make one of my websites in less than two hours of work. After installing a handful of WordPress plugins and fixing a few simple errors, I had improved the website’s loading speed from 1.61 seconds to 583 milliseconds. That’s a 70.39% improvement, without having made any visual changes to the website.
According to a 2009 Akamai study, 47% of visitors expect a page to load in under 2 seconds, and 57% of visitors will abandon a page that takes more than 3 seconds to load. Since this study, no shortage of case studies have confirmed that loading time affects sales.
In 2006, Amazon reported that a 100-millisecond increase in page speed translated to a 1% increase in its revenue. Just a few years later, Google announced in a blog post that its algorithm takes page speed into account when ranking websites.
Below are twelve quick fixes that will dramatically improve your website’s loading time, including:
- identifying which plugins are slowing down your website;
- automatically compressing Web pages, images, JavaScript and CSS files;
- keeping your website’s database clean;
- setting up browser caching the right way.
Lay The Foundation
When your house is sinking into the ground, you don’t polish the windows — you fix the foundations. The same goes for your website. If it’s hosted on a sluggish server or has a bloated theme, quick fixes won’t help. You’ll need to fix the foundation.
So, let’s start with what makes for a good foundation and how to set ourselves up for a website that runs at lightening speed.
CHOOSE A GOOD HOST
Your Web hosting company and hosting package have a huge impact on the speed of your website, among many other important performance-related things. I used to be sucked in by the allure of free or cheap hosting, but with the wisdom of hindsight, I’ve learned that hosting isn’t an area to skimp on.
To put this into perspective, two of my clients have similar websites but very different hosting providers. One uses WPEngine (an excellent hosting company), and the other hosts their website on a cheap shared server.
The DNS response time (i.e. the time it takes for the browser to connect to the hosting server) of the client using WPEngine is 7 milliseconds. The client using the cheap shared hosting has a DNS response time of 250 milliseconds.
If you want your website to run quickly, start with a good hosting company and package.
CHOOSE A GOOD THEME
Unfortunately, not all WordPress themes are created equal. While some are extremely fast and well coded, others are bloated with hundreds of bells and whistles under the pretence of being “versatile and customizable.”
A few years ago, Julian Fernandes of Synthesis ran an interesting case study in which he updated his theme from WordPress’ default to the Genesis framework, monitoring page speed. He noticed that just by changing the theme to Genesis, his loading time improved from 630 to 172 milliseconds.
When you choose a theme, check the page speed of the theme’s demo, using a tool such as Pingdom, to see how quickly it runs with nothing added to it. This should give you an idea of how well coded it is.
USE A CONTENT DELIVERY NETWORK
I recently started using a content delivery network (CDN) for one of my websites and noticed a 55% reduction in bandwidth usage and a huge improvement in page-loading speed.
A CDN hosts your files across a huge network of servers around the world. If a user from Argentina visits your website, then they would download files from the server closest to them geographically. Because your bandwidth is spread across so many different servers, the load on any single server is reduced.
Setting up a CDN can take a few hours, but it’s usually one of the quickest ways to dramatically improve page-loading speed.
12 Quick Fixes To Speed Up WordPress
Now that our foundation is solid, we can begin fine-tuning our website.
A good way to start speeding up a website is to look at what can be removed. More often than not, a website is slow not because of what it lacks but because of what it already has.
1. IDENTIFY PLUGINS THAT ARE SLOWING YOU DOWN
P3 is one of my favourite diagnostic plugins because it shows you the impact of your other plugins on page-loading time. This makes it easy to spot any plugins that are slowing down your website.
A common culprit is social-sharing plugins, most of which bloat page-loading times and can easily be replaced by embedding social buttons into the theme’s source code.
Once you’re aware of which plugins are slowing down your website, you can make an informed decision about whether to keep them, replace them or remove them entirely.
2. COMPRESS YOUR WEBSITE
When you compress a file on your computer as a ZIP file, the total size of the file is reduced, making it both easier and faster to send to someone. Gzip works in exactly the same way but with your Web page files.
Once installed, Gzip automatically compresses your website’s files as ZIP files, saving bandwidth and speeding up page-loading times. When a user visits your website, their browser will automatically unzip the files and show their contents. This method of transmitting content from the server to the browser is far more efficient and saves a lot of time.
There is virtually no downside to installing Gzip, and the increase in speed can be quite dramatic. As we can see in the screenshot above, MusicLawContracts.com goes from 68 KB to only 13 KB with Gzip installed.
for more : http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2014/06/25/how-to-speed-up-your-wordpress-website/
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